그동안 미국이 중국과의 무역거래에서 엄청 손해를 보고 있는 것으로 해서 중국의 렌민비의 가치를 더 높게 평가하라는 압력을 가해왔다. 다시 말해서 현재의 교환비율을 오늘 현재(8-21-'17)의 6.67보다 훨씬 높게 평가시킴으로 해서 미국제품이 상대적으로 싸게 중국으로 수출할 수 있게 하기를 미국이 원해왔다.

그러한 이유로 해서 중국이 부당하게 자국화폐를 유리하게 인위적으로 조절해왔다는 인상을 받았다만 이러한 부당한 대 미국과의 수출경쟁에서 가장 재미를 보고 있는 나라가 바로 한국이란 사실을 간과하고 있음을 오늘 경제뉴스(Yahoo Finance發 Bloomberg News)에서 발견하고 독자들에게 새로운 각도에서 한국과 중국과의 경제 및 정치관계를 보시기를 원한다. 참고로 해당의 영문글을 아래에 첨부한다.

With Some Countries, China Is in the Red
Supply chains and commodity needs mean China doesn't run massive trade surpluses with everyone-Bloomberg News August 20, 2017, 5:00 AM PDT August 20, 2017, 8:00 PM PDT

China’s big trade surpluses hog all the headlines, but imbalances go both ways.

South Korea’s $72.2 billion surplus with the People’s Republic in fact tops a list of more than 40 nations that export more to the country than they import from it, followed by Switzerland and Australia, data compiled by Bloomberg show. Besides commodity exporters such as Iran and machinery producers like Germany, smaller economies such as Ireland, Finland and Laos round out the tally.

Imports by the world’s biggest exporter show how its humming factories prop up other economies - and for some of those, what’s on the line should they find themselves involved with territorial disputes or geopolitical tensions with one of their biggest customers.

The data itself can be skewed as a result of those tensions. The IMF and World Bank omit data from Taiwan. If included, the island would outrank all other economies except South Korea with a China surplus (including Hong Kong) of $67 billion in 2016.

In Asia, South Korea and Malaysia are among the more vulnerable to China’s economic arm-twisting, while Japan and Vietnam look relatively immune, according to Bloomberg Intelligence estimates based on their trade surpluses with China as a share of total output.

One of China’s biggest appetites is for machines and electronics from South Korea, Malaysia and Germany, according to World Bank data from 2015, the most recent year available.

Semiconductors from South Korea and Malaysia account for much of that as they’re brought in and then installed in other electronic products assembled in China’s factories.

The iPhone itself is an ecosystem that illustrates the global reach of far-flung supply chains. China’s assembly lines for the device incorporate expensive components imported from sources including Germany, Japan, South Korea, the U.S. and Taiwan.

Such complex and crucial trade relationships give South Korea something of a buffer against Chinese reprisals like those it faced last year after agreeing to install a U.S. missile defense system.

"Eighty percent of Korean exports to China are intermediate goods, and everyday people can’t see them from the outside or feel them," said Yang Pyeongseob, a senior research fellow at the Korean Institute for International Economic Policy in Beijing.

China’s factories, construction sites, vehicles soak up oil, metal and materials from commodity exporters around the world, so when the economy sneezes it spurs big swings in things like the Australian dollar or Mongolian gross domestic product.

Those two countries are key suppliers of iron ore, precious metals and coal. Meanwhile, oil from Angola, Oman, Iran, and Venezuela helps keep China’s cars and trucks running, and Turkmenistan sends natural gas. Chile offers metal, mainly copper, but wine and cherries are more familiar South American imports on Chinese supermarket shelves.

Swiss trade is driven by pharmaceuticals, chemicals and precision instruments and watches. The surplus size may have been distorted by commodities trading, which doesn’t necessarily lead to actual shipments.

South Africa’s shipments include diamonds, gold and wine. Elsewhere in the southern hemisphere, Brazil was China’s top overseas source of soybeans, soy oil, beef and sugar last year, according to China’s Ministry of Commerce. The most populous nation imported 38 million tons of soybeans alone from Brazil last year.

And farmers in New Zealand are increasingly stocking those supermarket shelves for more discerning consumers. China imported more lamb from New Zealand than anywhere else, the most wheat from Australia, and the largest amount of fruit and nuts from Chile.

— With assistance by Catherine Bosley, James Mayger, Jiyeun Lee, Siegfrid Alegado, Hannah Dormido, Chinmei Sung, Samson Ellis, and Xiaoqing Pi

요점만 추려서 다시 언급하자면, 중국이 가장 많은 무역역조를 경험하는 나라가 전세계 40%국가들 중에서 한국이 72.2 billion (World Bank 2015년 집계)로 제1위에 있고, 그 두째가 스위스로써 27.7B, 제3위가 호주로써 23B, 제4위가 부라질 20.8B, 제5위가 말레지아 14.7B 등등으로... 열당에선 좌표를 옮길 수가 없음으로 이 정도로 보여준 것이다.

한국이 중국에 수출한 72.2B 중에서 80%가 전자제품으로써 주로 반도체와 공장기계가 주류를 차지하고 있다. 이들을 수입해와서 한국의 기계로 운영되는 공장에서 한국의 전자제품을 재가공하여 세계시장에 헐값으로 판매해왔다는 이야기가 된다. 만일에 한국이 어떠한 이변으로 인하여 이러한 제품에 차질이 올 경우에는 중국으로서는 그동안에 즐겨온 호경기가 찬 서리를 맞게 될 것이다.

따라서 중국이 겉으로는 한국을 깔보며 북한을 두둔하는 것처럼 까불지만(?) 속으로는 믿지는 짓을 감히 실천하지 못한다는 내막을 한국의 권력자들은 잘 알고 그들을 가지고 놀아야 할 것이다. 재미있는 것은 일본은 아예 중국의 수입선에 들어가지 못한다는 것을 우리가 알아야 한다. 정치란 것은 일단 배가 불러야 큰 소리가 나가게 마련이거늘 중국이 한국을 괄시하면 당장 불똥의 그들의 배꼽에 떨어지리라는 것을 알아야 할 일......

禪涅槃
2017-08-21 08:54:06